Pulmonolgy

Bronchial asthma is a disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli.
Bronchial asthma is the more correct name for the common form of asthma.
The term 'bronchial' is used to differentiate it from 'cardiac' asthma, which is a separate condition that is caused by heart failure Although the two types of asthma have similar symptoms, including wheezing (a whistling sound in the chest) and shortness of breath, they have quite different causes Types of asthma include

• child-onset asthma,
• adult-onset asthma,
• exercise-induced asthma,
• cough-variant asthma,
• occupational asthma,
• nocturnal asthma

Asthma is caused by inhaling an allergen that sets off the chain of biochemical and tissue changes leading to airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and wheezing.
Treatment

•  Avoiding known allergens and controlling symptoms through medication.
• People with mild asthma (infrequent attacks) may use inhalers on an as-needed basis.
• Persons with significant asthma (symptoms occur at least every week) should be treated with anti-inflammatory medications, preferably inhed corticosteroids, and then with bronchodilators such as inhaled Alupent or Vanceril.
• Acute severe asthma may require hospitalization, oxygen, and intravenous medications

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (also called COPD) is a chronic lung disease that includes two main illnesses: chronic bronchitis and emphysema (say: "em-fa-see-ma"). There is no cure for COPD.


COPD can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

• Chronic, persistent cough
• Increased mucus
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Wheezing
• A tight feeling in the chest Treatment
• In COPD, the most important thing is to stop smoking. This can stop or at least slow the damage to your lungs.
• Then medicines can include antibiotics ,bronchodilators, Inhaled Glucocorticosteroids (Steroids)
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation.
• Some people with more advanced COPD need to use oxygen.
• Patients with very serious COPD might have surgery. They might have a lung reduction operation or a lung transplant.